为CentOS

目前最新的CentOS 6.3中，仍然使用的是PostgreSQL 8.4版本。为了满足另一应用系统的需求，必须安装PostgreSQL 9及以上版本。本文将叙述如何使用PostgreSQL官方软件仓库和YUM工具，实现自动安装PostgeSQL 9。我使用的CentOS版本为6.3，该操作方法同样适用于使用CentOS 5, RedHat或者Fedora版本的朋友，只是需要注意下载文件时有对应的版本选择。

1、下载并安装PostgreSQL官方软件仓库

访问http://yum.pgrpms.org/repopackages.php，选择对应的操作系统版本，下载repo rpm文件。对应我的操作系统CentOS 6.3 32位版本，使用wget命令下载，操作如下：

[root@wardking ~]# wget http://yum.pgrpms.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm –2012-10-11 02:52:40– http://yum.pgrpms.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpmResolving yum.pgrpms.org… 98.129.198.114Connecting to yum.pgrpms.org|98.129.198.114|:80… connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OKLength: 5328 (5.2K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]Saving to: pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm 100%[==============================================================================================================================>] 5,328 24.7K/s in 0.2s 2012-10-11 02:52:42 (24.7 KB/s) – “pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpmâ€

安装软件仓库

[root@wardking ~]# rpm -ivh pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpmwarning: pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEYPreparing… ########################################### [100%] 1:pgdg-centos92 ########################################### [100%]

编辑CentOS-Base.repo，将目前的CentOS仓库中的版本排除

[root@wardking ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo# remarked out baseurl= line instead. [base]name=CentOS-$releasever – Basemirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6exclude=postgresql* #released updates[updates]name=CentOS-$releasever – Updatesmirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6exclude=postgresql*

试一下，应该可以看到最新的PostgreSQL出现在可用软件列表中：

[root@wardking ~]# yum list postgres*Loaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.btte.net * rpmforge: mirror.fairway.ne.jp * updates: mirrors.btte.netbaseextraspgdg92pgdg92/primary_dbupdatesInstalled Packagespostgresql.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-contrib.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-devel.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-libs.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-plperl.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3postgresql-server.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3Available Packagespostgresql-ip4r.i686 1.05-1.el6postgresql-pgpool-II.i686 3.2.0-1.el6postgresql-pgpool-II-devel.i686 3.2.0-1.el6postgresql-pgpool-II-recovery.i686 3.2.0-1.el6postgresql-plparrot.i686 0.04-5.el6postgresql-plruby.i686 0.5.3-4.el6postgresql-plruby-doc.i686 0.5.3-4.el6postgresql-relay.i686 1.3-2.2.el6.rfpostgresql92.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-contrib.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-debuginfo.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-devel.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-docs.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-jdbc.i686 9.2.1000-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-jdbc-debuginfo.i686 9.2.1000-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-libs.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-odbc.i686 09.01.0200-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-odbc-debuginfo.i686 09.01.0200-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-plperl.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-plpython.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-pltcl.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-server.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6postgresql92-tcl.i686 2.0.0-1.rhel6postgresql92-tcl-debuginfo.i686 2.0.0-1.rhel6postgresql92-test.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6

将旧版本中的postgresql软件包全部删除

[root@wardking ~]# yum remove postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-devel postgresql-plperl postgrLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorSetting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies–> Running transaction check—> Package postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-libs.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased–> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5 for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686–> Processing Dependency: postgresql-libs for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686—> Package postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased—> Package postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased–> Running transaction check—> Package libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6 will be erased–> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version======================================================================================================================Removing: postgresql i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-contrib i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-devel i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-libs i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-plperl i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-server i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3Removing for dependencies: libdbi-dbd-pgsql i686 0.8.3-5.1.el6Transaction Summary======================================================================================================================Remove 7 Package(s)Installed size: 34 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionWarning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Erasing : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686 Erasing : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686 Verifying : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686Removed: postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13- postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3Dependency Removed: libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6Complete!

2、 开始安装最新版PostgreSQL

现在已经可以使用yum直接安装

yum -y install postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-plperl postgresql-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn * epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.hmc.edu * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jpSetting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies–> Running transaction check—> Package postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-libs.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed—> Package postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed–> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved====================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version======================================================================================================================Installing: postgresql92 i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-contrib i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-libs i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-plperl i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-server i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6Transaction Summary======================================================================================================================Install 5 Package(s)Total download size: 5.3 MInstalled size: 21 MDownloading Packages:(1/5): postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(2/5): postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(3/5): postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(4/5): postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm(5/5): postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm———————————————————————————————————————-TotalRunning rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Installing : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686Installed: postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 pos postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6Complete!

3、初始化数据库并启动

安装操作顺利完成后，对数据库进行初始化，然后启动服务

[root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 initdbInitializing database: [ OK ][root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 startStarting postgresql-9.2 service: [ OK ]

如果有错误信息出现，检查日志文件 /var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data/pg_log，查找线索

4、 配置工作环境

PostgreSQL数据库操作的默认账户为postgres，其操作目录为/var/lib/pgsql，配置文件.bash_profile中的默认内容为

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profilePGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/dataexport PGDATA

以上配置中包括了数据库所在的路径，但是没有可执行命令文件所在的目录，为操作便利，更正如下：

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profilePGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/dataexport PGDATAPATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/pgsql-9.1/binexport PATH

5、设置默认账户postgres的操作密码

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgrespsql (9.2.1)Type “help” for help.postgres=# alter user postgres with password ‘postgres’;ALTER ROLEpostgres=#

6、 提升postgreSQL安全

默认配置中，postgreSQL使用明文存储密码，非常不安全，需要修改配置文件，更改密码验证方式为md5

[root@wardking ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data/pg_hba.conf# Put your actual configuration here# ———————————-## If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more# “host” records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses# configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD# “local” is for Unix domain socket connections onlylocal all all md5# IPv4 local connections:host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5# IPv6 local connections:host all all ::1/128 md5# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the# replication privilege.#local replication postgres peer#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 ident#host replication postgres ::1/128 ident

为了使配置文件生效，必须让postgreSQL重新载入配置，有多种方式可以实现：

第一种方式： 直接使用命令操作

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres-bash-4.1$ pg_ctl reloadserver signaled-bash-4.1$

第二种方式：切换到postgres用户，通过psql命令，调用pg_reload_conf();

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgrespsql (9.1.1)Type “help” for help.postgres=# select pg_reload_conf(); pg_reload_conf—————- t(1 row)postgres=#

第三种方式：切换到postgres用户，同样使用psql命令，但无须登录PostgreSQL控制台

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres -c “select pg_reload_conf();”Password for user postgres: pg_reload_conf—————- t(1 row)-bash-4.1$

允许远程连接PostgreSQL数据库

PostgreSQL的主配置文件postgresql.conf位于目录/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data，其中CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION段中的配置如下

#——————————————————————————# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION#—————————————————————————— # – Connection Settings - #listen_addresses = ‘localhost’ # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to ‘localhost’, ‘*’ = all # (change requires restart)#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)

以上默认设置仅接受来自本地(Localhost)的连接，如果需要允许远程主机连接，需要将listen_addresses注释取消，并将localhost更改为*或者指定的网卡IP地址。此处还可以更改默认的监听端口5432

修改完成后，需要重新启动postgresql-9.2系统服务，重新载入配置文件后方可生效。

如果修改该文件导致服务无法启动，可以查看/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/pg_log文件，查找线索进行排错。

重新启动完成后，进入postgres用户控制台，登录数据库操作界面，可以验证更改结果

-bash-4.1$ psqlPassword:psql (9.1.1)Type “help” for help. postgres=# show listen_addresses; listen_addresses—————— *(1 row) postgres=# show port; port—— 5432(1 row) postgres=#

原文地址：http://www.wardking.com/2012/10/%e4%b8%bacentos%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88postgresql/